Gustavus Hamilton (1710–1746), Second Viscount Boyne, in Masquerade Costume

Gustavus Hamilton, then twenty years old, traveled to Venice in 1730–31 specifically to partake in the city's renowned masked festivities, accompanied by Edward Walpole. Carriera captured him in the full attire of a bautta, a customary masquerade ensemble comprising a black tricorn hat, a lace veil, a white mask, and a short cape. This costume allowed members of the aristocracy to move through Venice's ballrooms and social gatherings with a degree of anonymity, fostering intrigue and social freedom.

Rosalba Carriera was recognized as Europe's foremost pastellist during her lifetime, having been admitted to Rome's Accademia di San Luca in 1705. This portrait demonstrates her revolutionary approach to pastel, transforming it from a preliminary sketching tool into a sophisticated medium for finished works, suitable for elite commissions. The piece is notable for its vivid palette and remarkable state of preservation, showcasing the luminous and delicate qualities Carriera achieved with her chosen medium.

The portrait entered the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2002, identified by object number 2002.22. Its acquisition was made possible through combined contributions from the George Delacorte, Gwynne Andrews, Victor Wilbour Memorial, and Marquand funds. Prior to its arrival in New York, the artwork was passed down through generations of the Earls of Leitrim at Killadoon, County Kildare.

Earlier in its history, it is believed to have been part of the collections of impresario Owen McSwiny and politician Nathaniel Clements.

This painting serves as a significant illustration of the cultural convergence between the Grand Tour and the Venetian carnival. During this period, young European aristocrats undertaking educational journeys often concluded their travels with a visit to Venice, immersing themselves in its famous masked festivities. Carriera's depiction of Hamilton in his anonymous masquerade attire captures the essence of this unique social practice, where identity could be temporarily shed amidst the city's vibrant celebrations.