Artist
Polidoro da Lanciano




Republic of Venice
Polidoro da Lanciano is a Republic of Venice Mannerism artist. 9 works are cataloged here, principally at Kunsthistorisches Museum.
Polidoro de Rienzo da Lanciano (Lanciano, 1515–1565) was an Italian painter. Relatively little is known of his life. He was born in Lanciano, a town that is a few miles inland from Ortona, a port on the Adriatic Sea. This is in the Abruzzi region of Italy, lying southeast of Pescara. His grandfather, Alessandro Rienzo, was a ceramic painter in Lanciano. Based on Venetian documents Polydoro's birthdate is taken to be 1515. At an early age he apparently showed great artistic talent. and for that reason he moved to Venice, the center of art in that region of Italy, at a young age. There he assumed a Venetian form for his name, Lanzani. His first mention in official Venetian documents is 1536, when he would have been 21 years of age. He probably came to Venice at least five years prior to that in order to begin his artistic training. His name appears as a witness to a document in the years 1536 and 1549. His Last Will and Testament bears his signature, and is dated 20 July 1565. He died the following day, with his age reported as 50. He likely worked as an assistant to Titian (c.1488/90-1576) for many years, especially given the close resemblance of his style with that of the Venetian master. This would have been in the 1530s and possibly early 1540s. It is not known whether he then set up his own studio, but that was common practice. Polidoro was also influenced by Bonifacio Veronese (1487–1557), il Pordenone (1484–1539), and later possibly Paolo Veronese (1528–1588). In the United Kingdom, the following works are documented:
The Fitzwilliam Museum Holy Family with the Infant St John Baptist and Saint Catherine Virgin and Child with St Catherine, Mary Magdalene and St Barbara Glasgow Museums The Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine c.1540–1550 The Courtauld Gallery Virgin and Child with Saint Catherine (?) and St Jerome in a Landscape Blairs Museum Virgin and Child with St Luke and a Kneeling Donor (Vision of Saint Stanislaus) UK Government Art Collection (Circle of Polidoro) Madonna and Child, St Francis and St Joseph with a Donor Moseley Old Hall (Circle of Polidoro) Madonna and Child with the Infant St John
概述
波利多罗·兰扎尼,原名波利多罗·德·里恩佐·达·兰恰诺,是活跃于十六世纪威尼斯的意大利文艺复兴画家。他约于1515年出生于阿布鲁佐地区,1565年卒于威尼斯,专攻宗教题材绘画,尤以描绘圣家族与圣徒在 informal 户外田园场景中的神圣对话(sacre conversazioni)著称。尽管长期被其所效仿的威尼斯大师所掩盖,兰扎尼仍发展出独特的抒情风格, bridging 盛期文艺复兴与新兴的风格主义装饰趋势,为私人赞助人创作了亲密的宗教作品,其细腻的笔触与精准的风景处理至今仍具重要意义。
生平与年代
波利多罗约于1515年出生在阿布鲁佐地区亚得里亚海港口奥尔托纳附近的兰恰诺镇,是保罗·德·伦齐之子,陶瓷画家亚历山德罗·里恩佐之孙。他早年便展现出艺术天赋,于1520年代中期迁居威尼斯,加入圣潘塔隆社区中来自阿布鲁佐的移民群体。他采用了威尼斯式的名字“兰扎尼”,首次出现在威尼斯官方文件中是在1536年,1549年再次作为文件见证人出现。他娶了一位名叫安杰利卡的女子,她年长许多,为他生下一子詹保罗,后留他成为鳏夫。他后来娶了寡妇埃莱娜·布扎卡里尼,获得继子维托里奥,并再生一子乔瓦尼·安东尼奥。波利多罗于1565年7月20日签署遗嘱,次日因六个月的病痛去世,享年五十岁。他留给家人艰难的财务状况,促使他们返回兰恰诺。
风格与流派
兰扎尼专攻横向构图的神圣对话(sacre conversazioni),将圣母、基督与圣徒置于广阔葱郁的风景中紧密相邻。其早期作品显示出对提香抒情风格的强烈追随,采用相似的构图形式与母题,例如基督圣婴前倾接受幼年圣约翰递来的羔羊。1540年代,他的风格开始吸收博尼法乔·维罗纳塞日益装饰性的手法,至1550年代,又融入了保罗·维罗纳塞的装饰性古典主义。这一转变使其后期作品更加强调优雅的服饰、繁复的图案表面以及突出的古典建筑,赋予构图更强的纪念碑性。尽管他偶尔创作祭坛画、天顶画与肖像,但在这类题材上的成就远不及其亲密的宗教画布。
主要作品
兰扎尼的知名作品包括约1550年创作的《圣家族与幼年施洗者圣约翰》,现藏于卢浮宫,典型体现了其细腻的群像处理与精准的植物描绘。其他重要作品包括:那不勒斯卡波迪蒙特博物馆的《众神之宴》;布雷西亚托西奥-马丁恩戈美术馆与布达佩斯美术博物馆的《基督与行淫妇人》;1544年作于威尼斯学院美术馆的《圣灵降临》。约1560年绘于德累斯顿画廊的《圣家族与抹大拉的玛利亚及一位威尼斯贵族》,展现了其后期更为装饰性的风格。在英国,其作品分布广泛,包括格拉斯哥博物馆的《圣凯瑟琳的神秘婚姻》;菲茨威廉博物馆的《圣母与圣婴、圣凯瑟琳、抹大拉的玛利亚及圣芭芭拉》;以及考陶尔德美术馆的《风景中的圣母与圣婴、圣凯瑟琳及圣杰罗姆》。华盛顿县美术博物馆藏有其1560年作品《圣母与圣婴、圣罗克及圣安东尼修道院长》。
影响与弟子
对兰扎尼影响最深的是提香,他 closely 效仿其构图形式与田园主题,但学界对其是否曾在提香工作室担任助手,还是独立采用其模型仍存在争议。他也深受博尼法乔·维罗纳塞与皮尔·保罗·波尔多内影响,后期又受保罗·维罗纳塞启发。关于其艺术圈与追随者,其继子维托里奥延续了艺术职业。许多作品因过于依赖提香风格而被误归于这位年长大师名下;英国多馆藏作品,如莫斯利老宅与英国政府艺术收藏中的部分作品,被记录为“波利多罗画派”所作,表明出自其作坊或追随者之手。
遗产
兰扎尼身后的声誉颇为复杂。乔尔乔·瓦萨里在其1568年出版的《艺苑名人传》中未提及他;卡洛·里多尔菲 later 报告称,波利多罗在当时并未受到重视,指出其最佳作品之一《圣灵降临》最初被归于博尼法乔·维罗纳塞,直至里多尔菲在下一个世纪纠正了该归属。然而,这一低估被洛多维科·多尔切所反驳,后者将波利多罗列入意大利十二位最伟大的画家名单。在现代文化延续中,其作品《圣母与圣婴、圣约瑟及圣凯瑟琳·亚历山德拉》自1796年起藏于卡拉拉学院,被意大利邮政选为2015年圣诞邮票图案。
Works by Polidoro da Lanciano
Madonna and Child and the Infant Saint John in a Landscape
Cephalus und Procris
Anointing of Christ in Bethany
The Holy Family
Madonna and Child with Saints Mark and Peter
Madonna and Child with Saint Louis of Toulouse
Virgin and Child with SS. Catharine, Mary Magdalene and Barbara
Holy Family with the infant St John Baptist and St Catherine
Christ and the Woman in Adultery
Collections represented