The Four Elements

The Four Elements

Jacob Matham

1588

ink

From the collection of National Gallery of Art

About this work

This engraving shows four muscular figures tangled together, each holding a symbol: a torch, a bundle of wheat, a rock, and a shell. They’re wrapped in swirling drapery, with one figure’s hair flowing wildly. The background is rough, like stormy clouds or jagged cliffs, and tiny plants or animals peek out from the folds. The figures look like they’re struggling—maybe fighting or embracing—while the symbols they hold hint at nature’s raw power. The lines are sharp and layered, creating deep shadows and texture. Next, check out engraving to see how artists like Matham built such dramatic scenes with just ink and metal.

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