Artwork

Portrait of Emperor Maximilian and his family

Portrait of Emperor Maximilian and his family, by Bernhard Strigel, oil, 1515
Portrait of Emperor Maximilian and his family, by Bernhard Strigel, oil, 1515

Portrait of Emperor Maximilian and his family is an oil painting by the Northern Renaissance artist Bernhard Strigel. It dates from 1515 and is held in the collection of the Kunsthistorisches Museum.

About this work

Subject & Meaning

The composition merges living and deceased generations to project an idealized vision of the Habsburg lineage.

The work depicts six members of the imperial family in a single interior space, despite the fact that such a meeting never occurred historically due to the varying lifespans and locations of the subjects. Emperor Maximilian I stands on the left, holding his grandson Ferdinand I, while his son Philip I and daughter-in-law Mary of Burgundy appear in the background behind a green brocade curtain. The remaining figures, including Charles V and Ludwig, are positioned before an open landscape.

Identification is ensured through inscriptions accompanying each figure. Symbolically, the painting asserts dynastic continuity and unity; Maximilian, Philip, and Charles wear the collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece, signifying their high status. The composition merges living and deceased generations to project an idealized vision of the Habsburg lineage.

Technique & Style

Bernhard Strigel executed this group portrait using oil paint on a limewood panel. The work measures 72.8 cm in height and 60.4 cm in width. As the artist's only signed painting, it displays a composite arrangement of six imperial family members within an interior space that merges a green brocade curtain with a landscape background.

The composition is stratified, with the sky occupying the upper third of the scenic backdrop. Distinctive formal details include the varied headwear, ranging from berets worn by the male elders to floral wreaths on the children, alongside the prominent display of the Order of the Golden Fleece chains. Inscriptions are utilized throughout the piece to identify the depicted figures, who are posed in an impossible historical gathering.

History & Provenance

The Portrait of Emperor Maximilian and his family was commissioned by the Viennese court official Johannes Cuspinian and executed by Bernhard Strigel in 1515, with documentation indicating it was completed after 24 March 1516. The work, painted in oil on panel and limewood, measures 72.8 × 60.4 cm and depicts the imperial family including Maximilian I, Ferdinand I, Charles V, Philip I of Castile and Mary of Burgundy. It is the only signed portrait by Strigel and qualifies as a group or family portrait.

Following its creation, the painting entered the collection of the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, where it remains on display.

The painting is held by the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, where it is on display. According to the museum's object database, it is catalogued under the title "Familie des Kaisers Maximilian I. (1459-1519)". The work was originally owned by Johannes Cuspinian, who commissioned it, before entering the museum's collection.

A late-eighteenth-century replica of the painting is exhibited at the Strigel Museum in Memmingen, housed in the former Antoniterkloster. The replica follows Strigel's typical compositional scheme but does not approach the original artistically; its colors are partially altered, the figures are rendered more schematically, and it includes additional elements such as an inscription on the parchment scroll held by Ludwig and a rose in Ferdinand's right hand, none of which appear on the original.

Overview

Bernhard Strigel, a painter from the Swabian school, completed this oil painting in 1515. Titled "Portrait of Emperor Maximilian and his family," it is a significant work of the Northern Renaissance. The composition features Maximilian I, the Holy Roman Emperor, alongside several of his notable descendants. This formal group portrait is currently housed in the collection of the Kunsthistorisches Museum.

Portrait of Maximilian I (1459-1519)
Portrait of Maximilian I (1459-1519)

Artist & collection

Portrait of Bernhard Strigel

Artist

Bernhard Strigel

Bernhard Strigel (c. 1461 – 4 May 1528) was a German portrait and historical painter of the Swabian school, the most important of a family of artists established at Memmingen. He was born at Memmingen and was probably a…

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Frequently asked questions

Who painted Portrait of Emperor Maximilian and his family?

Portrait of Emperor Maximilian and his family was painted by Bernhard Strigel in 1515-01-01.

Where can I see Portrait of Emperor Maximilian and his family?

Portrait of Emperor Maximilian and his family is held by Kunsthistorisches Museum.

What movement is Portrait of Emperor Maximilian and his family?

Portrait of Emperor Maximilian and his family is associated with Northern Renaissance.

Can I buy a print of Portrait of Emperor Maximilian and his family?

Museum-quality prints of Portrait of Emperor Maximilian and his family are available made-to-order from Artifact World Gallery.