Artwork
The battle on the Slaak between the Dutch and Spanish fleets during the night of 12-13 September 1631

The battle on the Slaak between the Dutch and Spanish fleets during the night of 12-13 September 1631 is an oil painting by the Dutch Golden Age artist Simon de Vlieger. It dates from 1633 and is held in the collection of the Rijksmuseum.
About this work
Technique & Style
The handling emphasizes dynamic nocturnal illumination, with flickering light and dark contrasts to render the chaotic encounter of fleets on the Slaak.
The work is an oil painting on canvas executed by Simon de Vlieger in 1633.
The handling emphasizes dynamic nocturnal illumination, with flickering light and dark contrasts to render the chaotic encounter of fleets on the Slaak. Thin, fluid paint is used to describe the restless sea and the masts and rigging of the ships, while thicker impasto accents the flashes of gunfire and reflections on the water. The composition constructs a panoramic battle scene across the canvas, arranging vessels in overlapping diagonals to convey spatial recession and the confusion of night combat.
No specific condition notes are provided in the sources.
History & Provenance
Painted in 1633 by Simon de Vlieger, the work depicts the nocturnal naval engagement of 12–13 September 1631 off the Slaak. It is first recorded in the collection of the Rijksmuseum (National Art Gallery of the Netherlands), Amsterdam, where it remains housed today. No commissioning patron or preparatory material has been identified in surviving records, and the painting’s early provenance prior to its entry into the museum is undocumented.
The painting depicting the Battle on the Slaak is held in the collection of the Rijksmuseum, also known as the National Art Gallery of the Netherlands. Created by Simon de Vlieger in 1633, the work is an oil on canvas marine scene measuring 104 cm in height and 179 cm in width. The provided sources do not list a specific inventory or accession number for the piece, nor do they document any exhibition history or past loan records for this specific artwork.
Context
Simon de Vlieger painted The battle on the Slaak between the Dutch and Spanish fleets during the night of 12-13 September 1631 in 1633, a large oil painting measuring 104 cm in height and 179 cm in width. Executed in oil on canvas, it belongs to the marine art genre and is classified as a history painting. The work is held in the collection of the Rijksmuseum, National Art Gallery of the Netherlands.
Scholarship situates de Vlieger within the Dutch Golden Age, emphasizing his role in advancing marine painting alongside contemporaries such as Willem van de Velde the Younger, while the composition reflects evolving maritime themes in 17th-century Dutch art.
Critical reception of the painting has been consistently positive, praised for its dramatic lighting and dynamic depiction of naval conflict. It is regarded as a significant example of early Dutch marine art, influencing later developments in the genre and underscoring de Vlieger's artistic legacy within the broader context of Dutch maritime history.
Overview
This 1633 oil painting by Simon de Vlieger depicts a naval battle in the Slaak strait during the night of September 12-13, 1631. It is a history painting from the Dutch Golden Age, showcasing the artist's skill in capturing a dramatic scene.
Subject & Meaning
The painting shows a chaotic nighttime battle with numerous ships and boats, some ablaze, crowded with figures. The scene conveys the intensity of the engagement between the Dutch and Spanish fleets.
Artist & collection
Artist
Simon de Vlieger (c. 1601 – buried 13 March 1653) was a Dutch painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, etchings, stained glass windows. While he is mainly known for his marine paintings, he also painted beach…













