A Prince Performs Austerities (recto); Shiva and His Followers Return to Mount Kailash (verso), from a Romance of Chandrabhanu and Lavanyavati of Upendra Bhanja (1670–1740)

Characterized by bright, vibrant colors and flat, two-dimensional shapes, the painting employs a distinct visual language common in Odia illustrated manuscripts. Notably, the composition eschews shading in favor of clear, defined outlines.

Part of a larger illustrated manuscript of the Romance of Chandrabhanu and Lavanyavati, this painting is attributed to the period of its author, Upendra Bhanja (1670–1740), though specific provenance details are not provided.

This work reflects the artistic and literary traditions of 18th-century Odisha. The use of Odia language for the original text and the painting style are indicative of the region’s distinct cultural practices during this period.

As part of the illustrated manuscripts from eastern India, this painting contributes to the understanding of regional storytelling methods and artistic techniques of the time, inviting comparison with other works from Odisha for a broader insight into its cultural context.