Artwork
Kurfürst Maximilian I. von Bayern empfiehlt sich vor der Schlacht am Weißen Berg dem Schutz der Gottesmutter, der Heiligen Dreifaltigkeit und allen He

Kurfürst Maximilian I. von Bayern empfiehlt sich vor der Schlacht am Weißen Berg dem Schutz der Gottesmutter, der Heiligen Dreifaltigkeit und allen He is an oil painting by the Barbizon school artist Karl Nikolaus Pfleger. It dates from 1656 and is held in the collection of the Bavarian State Painting Collections.
About this work
Subject & Meaning
Currently housed in the Alte Pinakothek, the work exemplifies 17th-century Bavarian history painting and the fusion of sacred symbolism with contemporary power.
The painting portrays Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria invoking the protection of the Virgin Mary, the Holy Trinity, and the heavenly host before the Battle of White Mountain. Its iconography combines martial and devotional themes, reflecting the elector's reliance on divine favor in warfare. The composition emphasizes religious authority as a source of political legitimacy during the Thirty Years' War.
Currently housed in the Alte Pinakothek, the work exemplifies 17th-century Bavarian history painting and the fusion of sacred symbolism with contemporary power.
Technique & Style
Karl Nikolaus Pfleger executed this history painting using oil paint on a canvas support. The artwork measures 590 by 427 centimeters. As a large-scale history painting, its vertical format and considerable dimensions accommodate the narrative depiction of the subject matter.
History & Provenance
Kurfürst Maximilian I. von Bayern commissioned the work in 1656, which Karl Nikolaus Pfleger painted as an oil on canvas history painting. The Alte Pinakothek in Munich now holds the painting, which measures 590 cm by 427 cm. Its creation is documented for the year 1656, and it remains part of the Bavarian State Painting Collections.
The provenance records a direct commission by the elector, followed by inclusion in the Bavarian State Painting Collections and display at the Alte Pinakothek. No further ownership transfers are noted in the sources.
Context
Karl Nikolaus Pfleger painted this history painting in 1656 for the Bavarian court, depicting Elector Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria invoking divine protection before the Battle of White Mountain. The work, housed in the Alte Pinakothek, exemplifies 17th-century Southern German history painting, blending devotional imagery with contemporary military narrative. Its composition, emphasizing the Holy Trinity and the Virgin Mary, reflects the era's fusion of religious symbolism and political messaging in major commissions.
Scholarly analysis notes its stylistic ties to Rubens' influence while highlighting Pfleger's role in advancing courtly visual propaganda in the Holy Roman Empire's peripheral regions.
Overview
This oil painting by Karl Nikolaus Pfleger, dated 1656,_Traces the historical-religious moment in which Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, seeks divine protection before the Battle of White Mountain. The composition presents a densely populated scene that merges earthly and heavenly realms, with the elector positioned among supplicants and sacred figures. The work is now preserved in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich.
Artist & collection










