Who painted Text, Folio 54 (recto), from a Kalpa-sutra?

Text, Folio 54 (recto), from a Kalpa-sutra was painted by Unknown in 1488.

Where can I see Text, Folio 54 (recto), from a Kalpa-sutra?

Text, Folio 54 (recto), from a Kalpa-sutra is held by Cleveland Museum of Art.

What movement is Text, Folio 54 (recto), from a Kalpa-sutra?

Text, Folio 54 (recto), from a Kalpa-sutra is associated with Mughal Painting.

Artwork

Text, Folio 54 (recto), from a Kalpa-sutra

Unknown , 1488

Text, Folio 54 (recto), from a Kalpa-sutra is an unspecified painting by the Mughal Painting artist Unknown. It dates from 1488 and is held in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.

Accession no.: 1932.119.54.a
Credit line: Edward L. Whittemore Fund

About this work

Overview

This painting, Folio 54 (recto), from a Kalpa-sutra, depicts a significant figure in Jainism within a richly adorned setting, accompanied by recognizable yet contextually reinterpreted Hindu deities.

Subject & Meaning

The central figure is Arishtanemi, the 22nd Jina, shown in eternal meditative bliss, symbolizing his attainment of liberation. Flanking him are Krishna and Balarama, not as supreme deities, but as semidivine heroes in the Jain tradition.

Technique & Style

Characterized by bold, flat colors reminiscent of stained glass, the painting features a bright blue Arishtanemi, resplendent in gold jewelry and a crown, within a vibrant red shrine, with attendants holding fly whisks.

History & Provenance

Originating from Western India, specifically Gujarat, this folio is part of a Jain Kalpa-sutra, a holy text, though specific historical dates and ownership history are not provided.

Context

Reflects the syncretic yet distinctively Jain interpretation of Hindu figures, highlighting religious coexistence and differentiation in medieval Western India.

Legacy

Contributes to the understanding of Jain art and theology, as well as the complex religious dynamics of the region, though its direct influence or widespread recognition beyond academic circles is not detailed.