Qur'an Manuscript Folio (recto) [Right side of Bifolio]

The calligrapher used a script called *muhaqqaq*—each stroke is so precise it looks like it was carved, not written.

You see black ink on cream paper, shaped like a tall rectangle with rounded corners. The Arabic letters curve and stack in neat rows, framed by thin gold lines and red dots.

This page comes from a Qur’an made in Egypt when the Mamluk sultans ruled. The calligrapher used a script called *muhaqqaq*—each stroke is so precise it looks like it was carved, not written. The red dots aren’t decoration; they tell the reader how to pronounce the words.

Look up *mamluk sultanate (1250–1517)* to see more of their art.