Provenance · Acquisition fund

John L. Severance

This catalog gathers 943 public-domain works acquired through the John L. Severance fund. Every work is held by Cleveland Museum of Art.

  1. Krishna Vanquishing the Crane-Demon Bakasura Krishna Vanquishing the Crane-Demon Bakasura 1704
  2. Hoopoe on a Citrus Tree Branch Hoopoe on a Citrus Tree Branch 1800
  3. Maharana Jagat Singh II Hunting Maharana Jagat Singh II Hunting son of Jiva Jugarsi · 1747
  4. Krishna Stealing Curds Krishna Stealing Curds 1704
  5. Two Elephants Fighting in a Courtyard Before Muhammad Shah Two Elephants Fighting in a Courtyard Before Muhammad Shah Nainsukh · 1735
  6. Portrait Study of Seigen Portrait Study of Seigen 1304
  7. On Happiness, Calligraphy in Seal Script Style (zhuanshu) On Happiness, Calligraphy in Seal Script Style (zhuanshu) Yang Yisun · 1871
  8. A Couple A Couple Hasegawa Sōen · 1504
  9. Willow-and-Moon Kannon (Yōryū Kannon) Willow-and-Moon Kannon (Yōryū Kannon) Gakuō Zōkyū · 1500
  10. Emperor Minghuang Teaching Yang Gueifei to Play the Flute Emperor Minghuang Teaching Yang Gueifei to Play the Flute Choryusai · 1500
  11. Plum Blossoms Plum Blossoms 1364
  12. Herdboys and Buffalo in Landscapes Herdboys and Buffalo in Landscapes Guo Min · 1204
  13. Pair of Painted Doors Pair of Painted Doors 1820
  14. Rock, Bamboo, and Orchids Rock, Bamboo, and Orchids Gyokuen Bonpō · 1406
  15. Autumn Landscape Autumn Landscape Yang Borun · 1804
  16. Lonely Temple and Towering Cliff Lonely Temple and Towering Cliff Kenkō Shōkei · 1480
  17. The Four Accomplishments The Four Accomplishments Kano Shōei
  18. Taira no Kanemori of the Thirty-Six Poetic Immortals Taira no Kanemori of the Thirty-Six Poetic Immortals 1204
  19. Swift Bull from the Ten Swift Bulls Swift Bull from the Ten Swift Bulls 1304
  20. Landscape Landscape Shao Gao · 1626
  21. Howling Wolf in a Deep Mountain Valley Howling Wolf in a Deep Mountain Valley Yoshimura Hōryū · 1912
  22. Welcoming Descent of Amida (Amida Raigō) Welcoming Descent of Amida (Amida Raigō) 1316
  23. Monk Mending Clothes in the Morning Sun (Chōyō Hotetsuzu) Monk Mending Clothes in the Morning Sun (Chōyō Hotetsuzu) 1350
  24. Susuki Grass Susuki Grass 1525
  25. Scene from the Tale of the Wisteria Robe Scene from the Tale of the Wisteria Robe 1404
  26. Cucumber and Eggplants Cucumber and Eggplants Yamada Dōan · 1504
  27. Triptych with The Lamentation of Christ (center), St. Barbara (left wing), St. Catherine of Alexandria (right wing), The Annunciation (reverse wings) Triptych with The Lamentation of Christ (center), St. Barbara (left wing), St. Catherine of Alexandria (right wing), The Annunciation (reverse wings) Master of the Krainburg Altar · 1500
  28. Guardian Kings:  Dhrtarastra and Virupaksa Guardian Kings: Dhrtarastra and Virupaksa 1304
  29. Krishna and Satyabhama Storm the Citadel of Naraka, folio 97 from a Bhagavata Purana Krishna and Satyabhama Storm the Citadel of Naraka, folio 97 from a Bhagavata Purana 1775
  30. An East African King Receives Three Emissaries, from a Khamsa of Amir Khusrau Dihlavi An East African King Receives Three Emissaries, from a Khamsa of Amir Khusrau Dihlavi 1450
  31. Pan Lang (Han Rō) Pan Lang (Han Rō) Unkoku Tōgan · 1604
  32. Akrura Drives Krishna and Balarama to Mathura, from the “Isarda Bhagavata Purana” Akrura Drives Krishna and Balarama to Mathura, from the “Isarda Bhagavata Purana” 1565
  33. Mandala of the Three Shrines at Kumano Mandala of the Three Shrines at Kumano 1304
  34. Su Shi (So Shoku) Su Shi (So Shoku) Unkoku Tōgan · 1604
  35. Fragment with a Head of Bodhisattva Fragment with a Head of Bodhisattva 625
  36. Herdboys and Buffalo in Landscape Herdboys and Buffalo in Landscape Guo Min · 1204
  37. The Virgin Crowned by Angels The Virgin Crowned by Angels Stefan Lochner · 1450
  38. Winter and Summer Flowers Winter and Summer Flowers Kaihō Yūshō · 1600
  39. Votive initiation card (tsakali) with preaching Buddha Shakyamuni Votive initiation card (tsakali) with preaching Buddha Shakyamuni 1004
  40. The Story of Fukutomi The Story of Fukutomi 1404
  41. Landscape Landscape Sōami · 1504
  42. Krishna Lifting Mount Govardhan Krishna Lifting Mount Govardhan 1785
  43. Road to Shu Road to Shu Yuan Yao · 1743
  44. White-Robed Kannon (Byakue Kannon) White-Robed Kannon (Byakue Kannon) 1200
  45. Su Shi (So Shoku) and Pan Lang (Han Rō) Su Shi (So Shoku) and Pan Lang (Han Rō) Unkoku Tōgan · 1604
  46. Funerary Portrait of a Woman Funerary Portrait of a Woman 165
  47. Pipa (Loquats) Pipa (Loquats) Xu Gu · 1888
  48. Mrs. Pearson [possibly Sarah Thompson Pearson] Mrs. Pearson [possibly Sarah Thompson Pearson] Pieter Christoffel Wonder · 1837
  49. Sketch Copy of Natural Disasters, from the Seven Fortunes and Misfortunes Sketch Copy of Natural Disasters, from the Seven Fortunes and Misfortunes 1773
  50. Thin Forest and Distant Mountains Thin Forest and Distant Mountains Li Liufang · 1628
  51. Landscape after Guo Zhongshu Landscape after Guo Zhongshu Bada Shanren · 1692
  52. Pure Tones among Hills and Waters Pure Tones among Hills and Waters Xiao Yuncong · 1664
  53. Reminiscences of Qinhuai River Reminiscences of Qinhuai River Shitao · 1674
  54. Ink Flowers Ink Flowers Zhao Zhong · 1361
  55. Bodhidharma Meditating Facing a Cliff Bodhidharma Meditating Facing a Cliff 1204
  56. Bamboo Bamboo 1904
  57. Album of Seasonal Landscapes, Leaf E (previous leaf 3) Album of Seasonal Landscapes, Leaf E (previous leaf 3) Xiao Yuncong · 1668
  58. The Bodhisattvas of the Ten Stages in Attaining the Most Perfect Knowledge The Bodhisattvas of the Ten Stages in Attaining the Most Perfect Knowledge 1454
  59. Paintings after Ancient Masters: Mr. Five Willows (Wuliu), Tao Yuanming Paintings after Ancient Masters: Mr. Five Willows (Wuliu), Tao Yuanming Chen Hongshou · 1625
  60. Study for "The Apotheosis of Ferdinand IV and Maria Carolina, King and Queen of Naples" (for the Palazzo dei Regi Studi, Naples) Study for "The Apotheosis of Ferdinand IV and Maria Carolina, King and Queen of Naples" (for the Palazzo dei Regi Studi, Naples) Pietro Bardellino · 1781
  61. Paintings after Ancient Masters: Scholar with Staff and Brush Paintings after Ancient Masters: Scholar with Staff and Brush Chen Hongshou · 1625
  62. Rocky Landscape with Hunters Rocky Landscape with Hunters Gaspard Dughet · 1635
  63. Mater Dolorosa (The Virgin Mary Mourning) Mater Dolorosa (The Virgin Mary Mourning) George-Daniel de Monfreid · 1897
  64. Pine Wind from Myriad Villages Pine Wind from Myriad Villages Wu Li · 1604
  65. Snails Snails Nagasawa Rosetsu · 1788
  66. Paintings after Ancient Masters: Daoist and Crane in Autumn Landscape Paintings after Ancient Masters: Daoist and Crane in Autumn Landscape Chen Hongshou · 1625
  67. The Poet Lin Bu Wandering in the Moonlight The Poet Lin Bu Wandering in the Moonlight Du Jin · 1404
  68. Snow Coloring the World White Snow Coloring the World White Fa Ruozhen · 1690
  69. Portrait of Samurai-Official: Hirai Rinsei Portrait of Samurai-Official: Hirai Rinsei Tsukioka Settei · 1776
  70. Su Dongpo Su Dongpo Min Zhen · 1788
  71. Still Life with Sweets Still Life with Sweets Juan van der Hamen · 1622
  72. Pair of Portraits of Samurai-Officials: Hirai Kyosei and Hirai Rinsei Pair of Portraits of Samurai-Officials: Hirai Kyosei and Hirai Rinsei Sando Hyosho · 1776
  73. Squirrels on the Chestnut Tree Squirrels on the Chestnut Tree Ge Shuying · 1304
  74. Ink Plum Ink Plum Peng Xu · 1504
  75. Dragon amid Clouds Dragon amid Clouds Min Zhen · 1788
  76. Lions and Tigers in Peony and Bamboo Lions and Tigers in Peony and Bamboo Yamaguchi Sekkei · 1668
  77. Bird Sleeping on a Plum Tree Bird Sleeping on a Plum Tree Yang Ki-hun (Seuk-Eun) · 1904
  78. A Hare and a Leg of Lamb A Hare and a Leg of Lamb Jean-Baptiste Oudry · 1742
  79. Leaping Carp Leaping Carp Liu Jie · 1506
  80. Paintings after Ancient Masters:Travelers in an Autumn Landscape Paintings after Ancient Masters:Travelers in an Autumn Landscape Chen Hongshou · 1625
  81. Waiting for the Moon in the Mid Autumn Festival Waiting for the Moon in the Mid Autumn Festival Shi Rui · 1404
  82. Funerary Panel of a Man Funerary Panel of a Man 165
  83. A Rooster and Turkey Fighting A Rooster and Turkey Fighting Melchior d' Hondecoeter · 1680
  84. Esther, Ahasuerus, and Haman Esther, Ahasuerus, and Haman Jan Steen · 1668
  85. Landscape Ink-Play Landscape Ink-Play Fang Congyi · 1304
  86. Album of Miscellaneous Subjects Album of Miscellaneous Subjects Min Zhen · 1788
  87. Kingfisher Perched above a Stream Kingfisher Perched above a Stream Kenkō Shōkei · 1404
  88. Paintings after Ancient Masters: Rock, Old Tree, and Bamboo Paintings after Ancient Masters: Rock, Old Tree, and Bamboo Chen Hongshou · 1625
  89. Garden for Solitary Enjoyment Garden for Solitary Enjoyment Qiu Ying · 1534
  90. Winter Landscape Winter Landscape Yeoseol · 1504
  91. Paintings after Ancient Masters: Landscape in the Style of Ni Zan Paintings after Ancient Masters: Landscape in the Style of Ni Zan Chen Hongshou · 1625
  92. Portraits of Two Lineage Masters of the Kagyu Order: Phagmo Drupa (1110–1170) and Tashipel (1142–1210) Portraits of Two Lineage Masters of the Kagyu Order: Phagmo Drupa (1110–1170) and Tashipel (1142–1210) 1273
  93. Scenes from the Tales of Ise Scenes from the Tales of Ise 1604
  94. Beauties at the Seashore Beauties at the Seashore Ippitsusai Bunchō · 1776
  95. The Hermit Xu You Resting by a Stream The Hermit Xu You Resting by a Stream Dai Jin · 1404
  96. Banana Plants Banana Plants Min Zhen · 1788
  97. Swinging Gibbon Swinging Gibbon Xia Gui · 1202
  98. Painted Door Painted Door 1820
  99. Album of Seasonal Landscapes, Leaf B (previous leaf 1) Album of Seasonal Landscapes, Leaf B (previous leaf 1) Xiao Yuncong · 1668
  100. Spring Mist over Jiangnan Spring Mist over Jiangnan Shitao · 1697
  101. The Five Hundred Arhats The Five Hundred Arhats Wu Bin · 1608
  102. Beggars and Street Characters Beggars and Street Characters Shen Zhou
  103. Looking for a Monastery in the Misty Mountains Looking for a Monastery in the Misty Mountains Chen Chun · 1522
  104. Landscape after Ni Zan Landscape after Ni Zan Wang Yuanqi · 1707
  105. Welcoming Descent of Jizō Welcoming Descent of Jizō 1204
  106. Puppies, Sparrows, and Chrysanthemums Puppies, Sparrows, and Chrysanthemums Nagasawa Rosetsu · 1793
  107. Paintings after Ancient Masters: Volume 2 Paintings after Ancient Masters: Volume 2 Chen Hongshou · 1625
  108. Birds in a Grove in a Mountainous Winter Landscape Birds in a Grove in a Mountainous Winter Landscape Gao Tao · 1104
  109. Gathering of Otsu-e Subjects Gathering of Otsu-e Subjects Shibata Zeshin · 1804
  110. Portrait of a Government Official Portrait of a Government Official Chae Yongshin · 1921
  111. Boating in Moonlight Boating in Moonlight 1604
  112. Vishnu Battles Madhu and Kaitabha, from a Markandeya Purana Vishnu Battles Madhu and Kaitabha, from a Markandeya Purana 1760
  113. River Landscape River Landscape Min Zhen · 1788
  114. Countess Széchenyi Countess Széchenyi Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller · 1828
  115. Ivy Lane Ivy Lane Fukae Roshū · 1704
  116. Album of Seasonal Landscapes, Leaf C (previous leaf 6) Album of Seasonal Landscapes, Leaf C (previous leaf 6) Xiao Yuncong · 1668
  117. Fan-shaped Album Painting Fan-shaped Album Painting Fan Kuan · 1506
  118. Sketch for "The Four Prophets of Israel" (for Il Gesù, Rome) Sketch for "The Four Prophets of Israel" (for Il Gesù, Rome) Giovanni Battista Gaulli · 1676
  119. West Lake West Lake Ike Taiga · 1704
  120. Paintings after Ancient Masters: Scholar Reading in a Thatched Hut by a Waterfall Paintings after Ancient Masters: Scholar Reading in a Thatched Hut by a Waterfall Chen Hongshou · 1625
  121. River Village in a Rainstorm River Village in a Rainstorm Lu Wenying · 1491
  122. Leaving the Forest, Fontainebleau: Setting Sun Leaving the Forest, Fontainebleau: Setting Sun Théodore Rousseau · 1851
  123. Cho Jae-ho from Punhyang Cho Family Cho Jae-ho from Punhyang Cho Family 1804
  124. Lu Tong and Servant Lu Tong and Servant Min Zhen · 1788
  125. Tall Bamboo and Distant Mountains, after Wang Meng Tall Bamboo and Distant Mountains, after Wang Meng Wang Hui · 1694
  126. Album of Seasonal Landscapes, Leaf H (previous leaf 8) Album of Seasonal Landscapes, Leaf H (previous leaf 8) Xiao Yuncong · 1668
  127. Plum Tree Plum Tree Ogata Kōrin · 1700
  128. Crossing at Sano Crossing at Sano Tawaraya Sōtatsu · 1620
  129. Fish and Rocks Fish and Rocks Bada Shanren · 1604
  130. In the Palace In the Palace Zhou Wenju
  131. Shakyamuni with two attendants Shakyamuni with two attendants 1304
  132. Vase of Flowers with Grasshopper, Marine Life, and Garden Rock Vase of Flowers with Grasshopper, Marine Life, and Garden Rock Okabe Ko · 1804
  133. Paintings after Ancient Masters: Chrysanthemum Paintings after Ancient Masters: Chrysanthemum Chen Hongshou · 1625
  134. Listening to the Sound of Autumn in a Misty Grove Listening to the Sound of Autumn in a Misty Grove Zhang Feng · 1657
  135. Flowers and Birds Flowers and Birds Qian Xuan
  136. Paintings after Ancient Masters: Portrait of Zhongqing in a Landscape Paintings after Ancient Masters: Portrait of Zhongqing in a Landscape Chen Hongshou · 1625
  137. Orchids and Rocks Orchids and Rocks Yi Ha-eung · 1898
  138. Genre Figures Genre Figures Takebe Sōchō
  139. Peaches Peaches Min Zhen · 1788
  140. The Eight Hosts of Deva, Naga, and Yakshi The Eight Hosts of Deva, Naga, and Yakshi 1454
  141. View of Emmerich View of Emmerich Jan van Goyen · 1645
  142. Boats at Anchor on West Lake at the City Gate Boats at Anchor on West Lake at the City Gate 1175
  143. Album of Seasonal Landscapes, Leaf F (previous leaf 5) Album of Seasonal Landscapes, Leaf F (previous leaf 5) Xiao Yuncong · 1668
  144. Paintings after Ancient Masters: Volume 1 Paintings after Ancient Masters: Volume 1 Chen Hongshou · 1625
  145. The Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup The Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup Soga Shōhaku · 1704
  146. Paintings after Ancient Masters: Laozi Riding an Ox Paintings after Ancient Masters: Laozi Riding an Ox Chen Hongshou · 1625
  147. Portrait of Colonel Charles Heathcote Portrait of Colonel Charles Heathcote Joseph Wright of Derby · 1772
  148. Windy Landscape with Sailboat Windy Landscape with Sailboat 1404
  149. Paintings after Ancient Masters: Calligraphy Paintings after Ancient Masters: Calligraphy Chen Hongshou · 1625
  150. Henry Francis Playter Henry Francis Playter Pieter Christoffel Wonder · 1837
  151. The Mountain of Five Cataracts The Mountain of Five Cataracts Chen Hongshou · 1630
  152. Paintings after Ancient Masters: Autumn Landscape Paintings after Ancient Masters: Autumn Landscape Chen Hongshou · 1625
  153. Scholar Reclining and Watching Rising Clouds; Poem by Wang Wei Scholar Reclining and Watching Rising Clouds; Poem by Wang Wei Ma Lin · 1256
  154. Waves Waves Nakamura Hōchū · 1800
  155. Album of Seasonal Landscapes Album of Seasonal Landscapes Xiao Yuncong · 1668
  156. The Bodhisattvas of the Ten Stages in Attaining the Most Perfect Knowledge; The Eight Hosts of Deva, Naga, and Yakshi The Bodhisattvas of the Ten Stages in Attaining the Most Perfect Knowledge; The Eight Hosts of Deva, Naga, and Yakshi 1454
  157. Portrait of Cardinal Guillaume Dubois Portrait of Cardinal Guillaume Dubois Rigaud Hyacinthe · 1723
  158. Paintings after Ancient Masters Paintings after Ancient Masters Chen Hongshou · 1625
  159. Leisure Enough to Spare Leisure Enough to Spare Yao Tingmei · 1360
  160. Gazing at a Waterfall Gazing at a Waterfall Tani Bunchō · 1790
  161. General Jean-Baptiste Kléber (Sketch for "The Battle of the Pyramids") General Jean-Baptiste Kléber (Sketch for "The Battle of the Pyramids") Antoine-Jean Gros · 1835
  162. Landscape of the Four Seasons Landscape of the Four Seasons Yi Sumun · 1404
  163. Zhao Mengfu Writing the Heart (Hridaya) Sutra in Exchange for Tea Zhao Mengfu Writing the Heart (Hridaya) Sutra in Exchange for Tea Qiu Ying · 1542
  164. Charles Thompson Charles Thompson Pieter Christoffel Wonder · 1818
  165. The Holy Family The Holy Family Gaetano Gandolfi · 1776
  166. Paintings after Ancient Masters: A Lohan [after Guanxiu] Paintings after Ancient Masters: A Lohan [after Guanxiu] Chen Hongshou · 1625
  167. Beggar (Kojiki) Beggar (Kojiki) Hirafuku Suian · 1871
  168. Paintings after Ancient Masters: A Lady Paintings after Ancient Masters: A Lady Chen Hongshou · 1625
  169. Landscape after Jing Hao and Guan Tong Landscape after Jing Hao and Guan Tong Li Shizhuo · 1730
  170. Elephant, Horse, and Hare Elephant, Horse, and Hare Min Zhen · 1788
  171. Portrait of Samurai-Official: Hirai KyoseiHirai Kyosei Portrait of Samurai-Official: Hirai KyoseiHirai Kyosei Tsukioka Settei · 1776
  172. Scholar Playing a Qin Scholar Playing a Qin 1804
  173. Paintings after Ancient Masters: Chrysanthemum and Rock Paintings after Ancient Masters: Chrysanthemum and Rock Chen Hongshou · 1625
  174. Portraits of the Qianlong Emperor and His Twelve Consorts Portraits of the Qianlong Emperor and His Twelve Consorts Giuseppe Castiglione · 1758
  175. Hunting near Hartenfels Castle Hunting near Hartenfels Castle Lucas Cranach the Elder · 1540
  176. Mount Hua Mount Hua Tang Yin · 1506
  177. Virgin and Child in a Landscape Virgin and Child in a Landscape Jan Gossaert · 1531
  178. Poem-card from the Shinkokin wakashu (New Collection of Japanese Poems from Ancient and Modern Times) with Design of Pine on a Beach Poem-card from the Shinkokin wakashu (New Collection of Japanese Poems from Ancient and Modern Times) with Design of Pine on a Beach Honami Kōetsu · 1606
  179. The Saltmaker's Story The Saltmaker's Story 1604
  180. Mt. Taibo in the Style of Wang Meng Mt. Taibo in the Style of Wang Meng Du Qiong · 1442
  181. Standing Ksitigarbha Standing Ksitigarbha 1325
  182. Playing the Qin in a Secluded Valley Playing the Qin in a Secluded Valley Wen Zhengming · 1548
  183. Album of Seasonal Landscapes, Leaf G (previous leaf 7) Album of Seasonal Landscapes, Leaf G (previous leaf 7) Xiao Yuncong · 1668
  184. The Beach at Sumiyoshi from the Tales of Ise The Beach at Sumiyoshi from the Tales of Ise Tawaraya Sōtatsu · 1634
  185. Literary Gathering in the Orchid Pavilion Literary Gathering in the Orchid Pavilion Maruyama Ōkyo · 1704
  186. Landscapes in Various Styles after Old Masters Landscapes in Various Styles after Old Masters Mei Qing · 1690
  187. Oath of the Peach Garden, from Romance of the Three Kingdoms Oath of the Peach Garden, from Romance of the Three Kingdoms Matsumura Goshun · 1780
  188. Scenes from the Tales of Ise Scenes from the Tales of Ise 1604
  189. Autumn Mist in the Countryside Autumn Mist in the Countryside Zou Zhe · 1647
  190. Sakyamuni Buddha Sakyamuni Buddha 1304
  191. Saying Farewell at Xunyang (Song of the Pipa) Saying Farewell at Xunyang (Song of the Pipa) Wen Boren · 1504
  192. Peonies Peonies 1204
  193. Portrait of Basho Portrait of Basho Ichijun · 1704
  194. Cat and Butterfly Cat and Butterfly Min Zhen · 1788
  195. Paintings after Ancient Masters: Narcissus and Bare Trees Paintings after Ancient Masters: Narcissus and Bare Trees Chen Hongshou · 1625
  196. Paintings after Ancient Masters: Lotus and Rocks Paintings after Ancient Masters: Lotus and Rocks Chen Hongshou · 1625
  197. Portrait of An Qi Portrait of An Qi Wang Hui · 1715
  198. The Fall of Simon Magus The Fall of Simon Magus Pompeo Batoni · 1748
  199. Lotus Sutra with a Frontispiece Lotus Sutra with a Frontispiece 1104
  200. The Haven of the Peach-Blossom Spring The Haven of the Peach-Blossom Spring Shi Rui · 1404

Showing the 200 most prominent of 943 works in this provenance.

On provenance & the public domain

A credit line — the small "Acquisition fund of…" note beside a work on a museum wall — records its provenance: how the object passed from a private hand into a public collection, whether as an outright gift, a bequest left in a will, the purchase from a named endowment, or an entire collection acquired at once. Because these works are in the public domain, anyone can study, share, and reproduce them freely. Browsing by provenance follows the human story behind a museum's holdings — the collectors and benefactors whose generosity put these works where the public can see them.

Every work in this catalog is in the public domain; images come from the museums that hold them.